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Publication, Part of

National Pregnancy in Diabetes Audit 2025 (01 January 2023 to 31 December 2025)

Audit

Publication Date:
8 Oct 2026
Geographic Coverage:
England, Wales
Geographical Granularity:
Country, Regions, NHS Trusts, Hospital Trusts, Hospital and Community Health Services
Page contents

Summary

The National Pregnancy in Diabetes Audit (NPID) is a workstream of the National Diabetes Audit (NDA). It aims to support clinical teams to deliver better care and outcomes for women with diabetes who become pregnant and has been running since 2014.

The detailed analysis file presents national level data in the quality of antenatal care and pregnancy outcomes for women with pre-gestational diabetes. The dashboard presents service level data and is intended to support local, regional and national quality improvement. The latest versions of these outputs report on data collected for pregnancies that ended between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2025 and includes data on hybrid closed loop (HCL) technologies for the first time.

Highlights

There are 4 data files provided in this publication:

  • A detailed analysis file which includes an overview of the NPID dataset, presenting key metrics at a national level.
  • 3 open data files which provide all the breakdowns presented in the dashboard. The first contains the data for demographics, preparation and outcomes whilst the remaining two contain data relating to glucose monitoring and insulin technologies.

Key Facts

Rising prevalence of pregnancies complicated by early-onset type 2 diabetes

Pregnancies complicated by early-onset type 2 diabetes now account for 62.6% of all diabetes pregnancies, significantly higher than those complicated by type 1 diabetes (35.8%).
Since 2020, the number of pregnancies complicated by early-onset type 2 diabetes have increased from 2,550 to 3,910, whereas the number of pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes have remained relatively stable (2,120 to 2,235).

Reduced rates of serious adverse pregancy outcomes

Rates of serious adverse pregnancy outcomes (major congenital anomalies, stillbirth, perinatal death) are lower both in type 1 diabetes pregnancies during 2025 compared to rates during 2015-2023 (4.1 vs 5.8%), and also in early-onset type 2 diabetes pregnancies (4.2 vs 5.7%).

 

Healthcare inequalities

The deprivation gradient of women with early-onset type 2 diabetes pregnancies is striking, with 39.3% of women living in the most deprived quintile and 6.4% in the least deprived quintile. Additionally, 57% are from ethnic minorities (excluding White minorities).

 

Landmark improvements in type 1 diabetes

Use of pregnancy-specific hybrid closed-loop (HCL), endorsed by NHS England and Saving Babies Lives, is associated with the best maternal glucose and neonatal health outcomes ever recorded in type 1 diabetes pregnancy.

 

During the first 8 months of implementation (May-Dec 2025):

 

  • 76.8% of women (695 out of 905) accepted the offer of HCL — with no socioeconomic or ethnic disparities;
  • By 28 weeks gestation, 62.5% of women were using pregnancy-specific HCL vs 15% on non-pregnancy HCL systems;
  • 52.7% of women using pregnancy-specific HCL achieved the late pregnancy HbA1c target of <43mmol/mol; compared to 37.5% with standard insulin therapy and 35.6% on non-pregnancy HCL systems;
  • Preterm births and large for gestational age babies were both significantly lower among women using pregnancy-specific HCL (30.9 and 36.9% respectively) compared to 40.6% and 46.8% with standard insulin therapy and 43.8% and 54.2% on non-pregnancy HCL systems.

Interactive data visualisation

National Diabetes Audit dashboards

In order to access this visualisation and its functionality, we recommend the following internet browsers:

Microsoft Edge

Chrome desktop latest version

Safari Mac latest version

Firefox desktop latest version

Change to NDA reporting

NHS England are currently reviewing the routine production of NDA State of the Nation reports. Please note that data will still be released via dashboards and standalone data files whilst this review is being conducted.

To help inform this review we would be grateful if users can provide feedback on their use of the State of the Nation reports using the feedback survey available in the ‘Related links' section of this page.

Last edited: 7 October 2026 1:55 pm